在为期四天的VMware培训结束之后，最后除了提交一份调查问券之外，还有一份Review Question。根据老师的说法，这个可以看作是VCP考试的例题。回家在网上google了一下，发现这些例题和答案是公开在互联网上的，既然这样就不用担心是内部用的东西了。这里就把我做的解释也一起拿出来供有意报考VCP的同学参考（当然，可能“参考”一下网上流传的VCP真题更快捷一些……）。

1. Understand VMware Products

Which of the following most closely describes the purpose of ACE (the Assured Computing Environment)?

A. ACE helps desktop managers provision secure, standardized PC environments throughout the enterprise.

B. ACE enhances system security for ESX Server by providing firewall protection for both virtual machines and the Service Console.

C. ACE enhances virtual infrastructure manageability by acting as a proxy between Virtual Center and the ESX and VMware Server systems under management.

D. ACE enhances reliability of the virtual infrastructure by providing hardware redundancy for ESX Server.

2. Differentiate Among VMware Products

All VMware virtualization products are based on the same underlying virtualization technology, but there are some differences among these products. Which one of the following statements is true?

A. VMware Server and VMware Workstation both provide tools for remote management of virtual machines.

B. Because it runs on the bare metal, ESX Server supports a narrower range of physical hardware than either Workstation or VMware Server.

C. ESX Server supports more types of guest operating system than Workstation or Vmware Server.

D. Only ESX Server allows virtual machines to be configured with multiple virtual CPUs.

3. Understand Virtual Center Management

Pointing a VI Client directly to an ESX Server host rather than a VirtualCenter Server:

A. is not recommended, even if VirtualCenter was not purchased.

B. works identically, but any tasks issued are superceded by the VirtualCenter Server.

C. is similar except that objects are at the host and not datacenter level, and enterprise tasks such as cloning and migrating VMs are not available.

D. is similar except that objects are at the host and not datacenter level, but typical tasks such as template creation and cloning VMs are available.

4. Understand Networking

When defining a NIC team (bond) in ESX Server, it is possible to designate some of the physical NICs that make up the bond as "standby" NICs. Which statement most accurately describes the purpose of a standby NIC? A standby NIC:

A. is used only when network traffic exceeds the capacity of the rest of the team.

B. is used only in the case of the failure of other NICs in the team.

C. is not used as part of the team until activated by the administrator.

D. is used to implement traffic shaping for the rest of the team.

5. Operate and Manage ESX Server

Which of the following is true about cold migration of a VM from one host to another using VMware Infrastructure 3? requires

A. The VM must be powered off.

B. The VM must be either powered off or suspended.

C. The two hosts involved must use the same network labels.

D. Both hosts must have the same bit type (32-bit or 64-bit) CPU.

6. Understand Resources

If a VM that belongs to a resource pool does not have enough physical resources available to meet its reservation:

A. it will power off immediately.

B. VMs outside the resource pool will not be able to power on.

C. it will not be able to power on until sufficient physical resources in use are freed up.

D. if its reservations are expandable, it will attempt to draw upon the resources of its parent resource pool.

7. Administer Virtual Machines Under ESX Server

Hitting ESC when first powering on a VM in ESX Server 3.0

A. enters the boot order of the BIOS.

B. does nothing, as ESC is not a valid option.

C. directs the VM to directly boot from network.

D. enters the general BIOS options and is an alternative to hitting F12.

8. Configure Storage

Upgrading an ESX Server 2.x host’s VMFS-2 volume to VMFS-3, and then referencing the VMFS-3 volume from an ESX Server 3.0 host:

A. will allow any VMs on the original VMFS-2 to be powered on.

B. will allow the ESX Server 3.0 host to view the VMs in read-only mode.

C. will allow both the ESX Server 2.x and ESX Server 3.0 hosts to view the VMs in read-only mode.

D. requires both the ESX Server 2.x and ESX Server 3.0 hosts to be managed by VirtualCenter 2.0 in order to perform the upgrade of the VMFS-2 volume.

9. Configure Licensing

If the connection between the license server and VirtualCenter 2.0 Server is lost:

A. there is no impact because licenses are stored and configured per host when using a license server.

B. VMs will continue to run, but after a grace period ends, they cannot be powered back on until connectivity with the license server is restored.

C. ESX Server hosts can be configured and additional hosts added, but no VMs can be powered on until connectivity with the license server is restored.

D. all VMs will power off if connectivity is not restored within a 48 hour grace period. Hence, we recommend installing the license server on the same machine with the VirtualCenter Server.

10. Understand VMotion

64-bit CPUs are supported for VMotion in VirtualCenter 2.0

A. only when migrating 32-bit Guest OSes.

B. when migrating either 32-bit or 64-bit Guest OSes, so long as the Nx flag is hidden.

C. when migrating either 32-bit or 64-bit Guest OSes, regardless of CPU compatibility

D. when migrating either 32-bit or 64-bit Guest OSes, so long as the VMware CPU Compatibility Tool detects two compatible CPUs.

11. Troubleshoot an ESX Server

Suppose you attempt to use Web Access to reach an individual ESX host but receive a "host not found" error. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be the cause of the problem?

A. The Apache Tomcat server is not currently running on the host.

B. The server is not currently powered on.

C. The Service Console’s IP address has recently been changed.

D. Your VI Client has not been configured to allow you to use the Web Access facility.

 

Answers

1. A    2. B    3. C    4. B    5. B    6. D    7. A    8. A    9. B    10. D    11. D      

Explanation

  1. VMware ACE (Assured Computing Environment)正如答案A所说，是用来提供安全、基于策略进行管理的虚拟PC环境的平台。VMware ACE可以作为一个独立平台使用，也可以和VMware Workstation 6结合使用，但是不可以和Virtual Infrastructure一起使用。
  2. VMware Workstation没有提供远程管理工具；ESX Server比其他产品所支持的Guest OS更少，原因已经在正确答案B里面说明了。最后的D，除了ESX之外其它产品也支持多CPU，只是支持的CPU数量可能不同。
  3. A的话前半句是对的，因为连接到VC可以提供更多的功能；但是如果没有购买VC的话就只能连接ESX了。
    C和D的描述基本一致，唯一的差别就是Clone之类的操作是否可以进行。没有VC的话是不能克隆的。
  4. 多块物理网卡 (NIC)可以绑定在一起 (NIC Teaming)，从而实现负载平衡 (Load Balancing) 或者Fail over。Standby NIC的作用就是当前NIC发生故障时自动启用，以实现Fail over的。
  5. Cold Migration顾名思义，就是在VM在停止状态时的移动。无论是Power Off还是Suspend，VM都会完全停止，不使用任何CPU和内存，因此可以Code Migration。如果VM正在使用着CPU和内存，就只能VMotion了。
  6. A是错的，即便无论如何也满足不了A的Reservation，VC也只是会发出警告，而不会Power Off掉VM（除非定义了某些自动操作，比如资源不足时自动关闭VM等）。B更是无关了，因为是在Resource Pool的外面。
    C也不对，因为即便物理资源不够，VM还是能够启动，这时VC会把Resource Pool中其它VM所使用的资源强行剥夺过来，分配给这个VM以满足其Reservation。如果其它VM处也没有那么多资源，这时就无法启动了。
  7. 无需说明了，在VM的BIOS画面敲ESC键可选择启动顺序。
  8. 这个问题有一点Tricky。VMFS-2升级到VMFS-3之后，就是VMFS-3了，和其它的VMFS-3分区没有任何区别。ESX 2.x无法访问（只读都不行）VMFS-3。此外，升级VMFS-2并不需要把ESX 2加入到VC中。
  9. 这个问题几乎天天被问，估计不用说明就都知道了。就算连接不到License Server了，还有14天的Grace Period。这14天结束之后，虽然正在运行的VM不会被强行关掉，但是却无法再启动任何VM了，除非再连接回License Server。
  10. 看到D就不用看其它答案了，VMware CPU Compatibility Tool就是为了检测两台主机的CPU是否满足VMotion的要求的。
  11. 访问ESX Server的Web Access不需要VI Client，因为Web Access是架设在ESX Server上的Tomcat Web Server，只需要浏览器就可以了。